Geopolitical Analysis of Population in the Southern Provinces of Iraq with an Emphasis on Geopolitical Capacities and Their Role in the Structure of Power

Zarghani, Said Hadi; Hamid, Ali Hadi; Janparvar, Mohsen

doi:10.48311/psp.2026.121368.82822

Geopolitical Analysis of Population in the Southern Provinces of Iraq with an Emphasis on Geopolitical Capacities and Their Role in the Structure of Power

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Research

Authors

Said Hadi Zarghani ¹

Ali Hadi Hamid ²

mohsen janparvar ³

¹ Geography Department, Letters & Humanities Faculty

² Ph.D. Candidate in Political Geography, Department of Geography, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

³ .Associate Professor of Political Geography, Department of Geography, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

10.48311/psp.2026.121368.82822

Abstract

Abstract:
This study aims to analyze the "geopolitics of population in the southern provinces of Iraq" by examining the causal relationships among demographic, economic, religious, and political factors. Utilizing a "Systems Theory" framework, the researchers employed a descriptive-analytical method, processing data through the DEMATEL technique.The findings reveal that the concentration of the Shiite population, the presence of major religious centers, the possession of over 70% of Iraq’s oil resources, and strategic access to the Persian Gulf constitute the primary geopolitical capacities of the region. The analysis identifies key driving forces within the system, including population concentration in oil-rich zones, the influence of the Najaf religious authority, tribal structures, and economic dependence on oil.The study concludes that while these factors significantly strengthen Iraq's national power and regional standing, persistent economic inequalities and environmental challenges pose potential social and security risks. Consequently, the authors emphasize that ensuring long-term geopolitical sustainability in southern Iraq requires smart population management, economic diversification, and the implementation of balanced regional development policies.

Keywords

Population Geopolitics

Southern Iraq

Shiite Population

Strategic Capacity

Power Structure

Subjects