تحلیل اثر تغییر اقلیم بر پیشرفت ایران

نوع مقاله : توصیفی و نظرسنجی

نویسنده
استاد گروه جغرافیای طبیعی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
پیشرفت ایران تحت‌تأثیر عوامل مختلفی است که برخی از آن‌ها بسترساز ارتقا و برخی نیز به‌عنوان عوامل بازدارنده محسوب می‌شوند. ازجمله عواملی که می‌تواند تأثیر منفی بر پیشرفت جوامع بگذارد وقوع انواع مخاطرات طبیعی و انسانی است که تغییر اقلیم جزو آن‌ها تلقی می‌شود. تغییر اقلیم به‌عنوان تغییر یا افزایش معنی‌دار عناصر جوی مانند بارش، دما، باد و... است که به‌دلیل افزایش قطعی دما از آن به‌عنوان گرمایش جهانی یاد می‌شود که طی دهه‌های اخیر از شدت بیشتری برخوردار شده است. تغییر اقلیم می‌تواند پیامدهای منفی مختلفی برای حوزه‌های سلامت، کشاورزی، صنعت، گردشگری، زیرساخت‌ها و... داشته باشند که همگی می‌توانند پیشرفت جامعه را تحت‌تأثیر قرار دهند. در این مقاله به بررسی ارتباط پیشرفت با پیامدهای تغییر اقلیم در کشور پرداخته شده و با تبیین چالش‌های موجود، راهکارهای ممکن برای کاهش و یا مهار آن‌ها ارائه شده است. روش این پژوهش کیفی بوده که جمع‌آوری اطلاعات اسنادی به روش کتابخانه‌ای صورت ‌گرفته است. بعد از جمع‌آوری اسناد مربوطه با روش توصیفی کلیدواژگان توسعه و تغییر اقلیم در آن‌ها بررسی و گزاره‌های مربوطه مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار گرفت. عمده‌ترین تأثیر پیامدهای منفی تغییر اقلیم روی جنبه‌های اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی، محیط کالبدی و زیرساخت‌ها و همچنین روی محیط‌زیست است که فراخور تأثیر می‌تواند شکل‌های مختلفی از عوامل بازدارنده را به خود بگیرند. راهکارهای مطرح در این زمینه به‌طور کلی در دو گروه راهکارهای کاهش و سازگاری طبقه‌بندی و ارائه می‌شود. در عین حال تأکید می شود تأثیر تغییر اقلیم بر پیشرفت کشور مؤثر بوده و نیازمند چاره‏اندیشی خاص خود است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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