Investigating and analyzing the effect of geopolitical indicators of membership in regional pacts

Document Type : Original Research

Authors
A. Norouzifard 1
E. Roumina 2
M. Akhbari 3
R. Ghorbaninejad 4
1 Phd student of Political Geography, Science and Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor of Political Geography, Department of Geography, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor of Political Geography, Department of Political Geography, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor of Political Geography, Department of Political Geography, Science and Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
10.48311/psp.7.1.115
Abstract
Pacts can assist member countries in achieving foreign policy objectives and securing national interests. These pacts have diverse and numerous functions, influenced by geopolitical indicators to varying degrees. Naturally, their impact extends across national, local, regional, and transregional levels. Therefore, this research focuses on examining and analyzing the geopolitical indicators used in power calculations. The functions of pacts can manifest in significant political, security, economic, commercial, cultural, and social dimensions, and they can be applied in regional pacts.

This analytical-descriptive study relies on library resources, documents, articles, and relevant websites for data collection. Additionally, a structured questionnaire was prepared to gather experts' opinions on the analysis of geopolitical indicators for membership in regional pacts. Finally, the collected data underwent analysis using SPSS software and relevant tests. The study also strives to weigh countries' membership in regional pacts based on political, security, economic, commercial, cultural, and social components, and the impact of geopolitical indicators at various levels on the countries' membership process to regional pacts.

Keywords

Subjects

References
1. Russett, Bruce and Oneal, John R., and Davis, David R., "International Organization", Vol.52, No.3, p.442, Summer 1998.
2. Akhwan Kazemi, Bahram, "The role of regional organizations in the sustainability of member countries' security - a look at the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)", Political-Economic Information, No. 209 and 210, pp.164-173, 2004 [in Persian].
3. Mirzaei, Mohammad, "Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) in evolution and development", Central Asia and Caucasus Studies Quarterly, No. 53, pp.121-158, 2006 [in Persian].
4. Naghibzadeh, Ahmad, "Iran, the focus of Several Regional Subsystems", Central Eurasian Studies Quarterly, Vol. 2, NO.5, Supreme Center for International Studies, Tehran University, Tehran, p.141, 2009 [in Persian].
5. Omidi, Ali, "The effect of geopolitics on the decline of eco-convergence and the growth of A.S.A.", Geopolitics Quarterly, second year, number 3, p.125, April 2006 [in Persian].
6. Ezzati, Ezzatollah, "Geopolitics", 10th edition, Samt Publications, 2014 [in Persian].
7. Kazemi, Aliasghar, "Convergence theory in international relations", Ghoumes Publication, Tehran, p.103, 1991 [in Persian].
8. Hafeznia, Mohammad Reza; Mokhtari-Hshi, Hossein and Ruknuddin Iftikhari, Abdolreza, "Investigating the challenges of political geography in regional convergence; A case study of the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)", Geopolitics Quarterly, Year 8, Number 1, p.7, Spring 2012 [in Persian].
9. Brenner, Neil, Jessop, Bob, Jones, Martin & MacLeod, Gordon (eds.), "State/Space a Reader", Oxford: Blackwell, pub, p.261, 2003.
10. Mojtahedzadeh, Pirouz, "Political Geography and Geographical Politics", first edition, Tehran: Samt Publications, pp.21, 204, 2002 [in Persian].
11. Dennis, David J. and Yusof, Zainal Aznam, "Developing Indicators of ASEAN Integration-A Preliminary Survey for a Roadmap", Available at: http://www.ausaid.gov.au/publications/pubout.cfm?ID=3082_6586_6994_2657_9229, pp.1-8, 2003.
12. Yaqoubi, Samere; Ezzati, Ezzatoleh and Romina, Ebrahim, "Explaining the pattern of regional convergence; Case: South West Asia", Geographical Quarterly of the land, year 16, number 63, p.80, Autumn 2019 [in Persian].
13. Hafeznia, Mohammad Reza and Kaviani Rad, Murad, "New Horizons in Political Geography", first edition, Tehran: Samt Publications, p.58, 2004 [in Persian].
14. Hafeznia, Mohammad Reza, "Lesson booklet of Geopolitical Regions of the Peripheral Zone of Iran", Doctoral Course in Political Geography, Tehran Science and Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, p.6, Winter 2020 [in Persian].
15. Linn, Johannes and Pidufala, Oksana, "The Experience with Regional Economic Cooperation Organizations: Lessons for Central Asia". Working Paper 4. Washington, DC: Wolfensohn Center at Brookings Institution, p.4, October 2008.
16. Booth, Ken, "Alliances, chapter nine of the book Contemporary Strategy: Theories and Policies, written by John Bayliss and others", second edition, translated by Houshman Mirfakhrai, Tehran: Bureau of Political and International Studies, pp.237-242, 1990 [in Persian].
17. Zakarian Amiri, Mahdi, "The process of European unification", research quarterly of Imam Sadiq University, number 10, Summer 2008 [In Persian].
18. Mirian, Morteza and Ghadiri, Gholamreza, "Region Pacts (ASEA)", the third international conference on modern researches in management, economics and humanities, Batumi, Georgia, June 5, 2016 [In Persian].
19. Mehkoui, Hojat and Bavir, Hassan, "The role of regional organizations in reducing regional challenges; A case study of the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)", Quarterly Journal of International Organizations, 2nd year, 7th issue, Summer 2019 [In Persian].
20. Yazdan-Panah Daro, Kyomarth, "An analysis on the geopolitics of the Shanghai Regional :union:, a new power block in the world: with an emphasis on the prospect of Iran's permanent membership in it", thesis Ph.D in political geography, Faculty of Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, Science and Research Unit Tehran, Islamic Azad University, 2009 [In Persian].
21. Brummer, Matthew, "Shanghai Cooperation Organization and Iran; A powerful and full-fledged :union:", International Affairs, Volume 60, Number 2, available at: <https://www. jstor.org /stable/24357978>, Spring and Summer 2007.
22. Aghajari, Mohammad Javad and Rostamifar, Siminsadat, "SAARC and its impact on regionalism", Research paper of International Relations, Volume 5, Number 20, pp.25-26, 30-31, March 2012 [in Persian].
23. Hafeznia, Mohammad Reza, "Principles and Concepts of Geopolitics", first edition, Mashhad: Papli Publications, p.37, 2006 [in Persian].
24. Chowdhury, Mahfuz, "The Economic Integration of SAARC", American Chronicle, Available at: <http://www.americanchronicle.com>, July 29, 2007.
25. Anonymous, "The role of extraterritorial intervening powers", Available at: http://www.greaterkashmir.com, 2021.
26. HajiYousefi, Amir Mohammad and Alvand, Marzieh Sadat, "Iran and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization; Hegemony and Anti-Hegemony", Journal of Political Science, Third Year, No. 2, p.189, 2008 ]In Persian[.
27. Saeedi, Ruhol Amin and Ghafouri, Mohammad, "The position of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in the field of Asian convergence and its opportunities and challenges for the Islamic Republic of Iran", Political and International Approaches Quarterly, No. 18, Summer, p.103, 2009 [In Persian].
28. Watson, Greg, "Shanghai Cooperation Organization; Security in Iran in the 21st Century", translated by Fatemeh Soltani, Central Asia and Caucasus Studies, Fifteenth Year, No. 55, p.162, 2006 [In Persian].
29. Koolaei, Elaheh, "NATO and Central Asia Security", Middle East Studies Quarterly, No. 3, p.118, 2005 [In Persian].
Political Organizing of Space
Volume 7, Issue 1 - Serial Number 25
February 2025
Pages 115-145