The Effect of Spatial Identities on the Orientation of the Spatial Pattern of the Vote (Study Example: Esfarayen Constituency)

Document Type : Original Research

Authors
M. kaviani 1
H. shakeri 2
T. jafari 1
A. A. Ghasemi 3
1 teacher
2 student
3 TEACHER
Abstract
Introduction

Place is the center of geography and identity; it is the manifestation of culture in place. Parliamentary elections, as a political event, play an effective role in representing the voters' spatial identities. The interests of individuals play a decisive role in directing their work. The performance and action of humans are subject to the understanding and perception they have of the surrounding geographical environment, which gives meaning to their interests. The geographical environment is a concept mixed with social, political, economic, and natural factors whose intertwining has played a fundamental role in giving direction and meaning to human character, effort and spatial identity. Elections are the highest level of representation of local identities in heterogeneous constituencies in which local identities are reflected. Due to its geographical location throughout history, Iran has had a wide variety of local identities, among which the elections of the Islamic Council played a role in revealing this diversity of identity and, accordingly, the diversity of spatial voting patterns. In North Khorasan, it is one of those culturally diverse areas from a linguistic point of view, and the identities arising from this diversity have played an effective role in pushing and pulling the votes of the candidates for the election of the Islamic Council. Identities and cultural contexts have sometimes led to the neglect of worthy candidates and competent representatives at the center of national decision-making.

Methodology

Esfarayen Constituency includes the cities of Bam, Safi Abad and Markazi, which is the third constituency in the province in terms of population. In terms of language, the residents of this area speak the Kurdish dialect of Kurmanji, Tati, Farsi, and Turkish, and religiously, they follow the Shiite religion. This constituency was a part of the constituencies of Khorasan province until the sixth term of the Islamic Council elections, and from the seventh term, with the separation of Khorasan province, this constituency was assigned to North Khorasan province. Esfarayen Constituency has a representative in the Islamic Council. The current research aims to investigate and analyze the impact of spatial identities arising from linguistic diversity on the orientation of the spatial pattern of voting in the Esfarayen constituency. The methodology governing the text has a descriptive-analytical nature, and the statistics and information needed for the research were collected by the library and field method (questionnaire) and then analyzed using spss software.



Conclusion

The result of the research showed that the elements of place identity such as the number of co-citizens and co-speakers of the candidate, ethnicity, co-lingualism, ethnic population and co-speakers of the candidate being co-citizens with the election candidate, respectively, had the greatest impact in creating the voter base for the candidate representing the Islamic Council at the constituency level. On the contrary, the parliament candidate's belonging to a particular party, the opinion of religious elders and clan elders, the candidate's experience and education, and the correctness of the candidate were, respectively, less important in getting the votes of the candidates.

Keywords

Subjects

1. Ahmadipour, Zahra, Mohammad Reza Hafeznia and Abdolvahab Khojam Lee (2011), Analysis of constituencies in Golestan province after the Islamic Revolution, Geopolitical Quarterly, Volume 7, Number 1
2. Akhavan Mofrad, Hamidreza et al. (2008), "Study of Ethnic Convergence Ways with Emphasis on Turkish and Kurdish Ethnicities in Mako County", Quarterly Journal of Law Enforcement Studies, Third Year, Fourth Issue, Winter 2008
3. Ayoubi, Hojjat A ..... (1998), Analysis of Voters' Electoral Behavior, Quarterly Journal of Political and Economic Information, No. 138-137
4. Mr. Bakhshi, Ali and Minoo Afshari Rad (2004), Culture of Political Science, Chapar Publications, Tehran.
5. Badiee Azandahi, Marjan and Musa Panahandehkhah and Razieh Mokhtari (2008), The Role of Spatial Sense in Indigenous Identity, Case Study: Yasouji Students of Tehran Universities, Geopolitical Quarterly, Volume 4, Number 2
6. Barati, Nasser and Mohammad Ali Soleimannejad (2011), Perception of stimuli in a controlled environment and the effect of gender on it, Quarterly Journal of Bagh Manzar, Nazar Research Center for Art, Architecture and Urbanism, Vol. 8, No. 18, Summer 2011
7. Flag: Davood, (2007), A Survey of People's Participation in the Ninth Presidential Election, Peugeot Humanities Issue (Sociology Special Issue)
8. Pir Babaei, Mohammad Taghi and Hassan Sajjadzadeh (2011), Collective belonging to a place, Realization of social housing in a traditional neighborhood, Bagh-e Nazar, No. 16, Spring
9. Pishgahi Fard, Zahra et al. (2013) Collection of Articles on the Geography of Iranian Elections, Volume I, University Jihad Publications
10. Pishgahi Fard, Zahra and Haidar Lotfi (2007), An Analysis of Participation in the Presidential Elections of Iran, Semnan Case Study, Sarzamin Quarterly, Fourth Year, No. 15.
11. Pishgahi Fard, Zahra (1374) Geography of Elections, Quarterly Journal of Geographical Peugeot Hash, No. 33.
12. Jalaeipour, Hamidreza and Ali Ghanbari (2009), "Study of National Identity and the Values ​​of Globalization with Emphasis on Arabic-speaking Iranians", Journal of Social Sciences, Year 3, Issue 2, Summer
13. Jafari, Teymour (2015), "Statistical study and geographical analysis of ethnic groups living in the settlements of North Khorasan", Quarterly Journal of North Khorasan Disciplinary Knowledge, Year 2, Issue 7, Fall
14. Hafeznia, Mohammad and Morad Kaviani Rad (2014), Philosophy of Political Geography, Research Institute for Strategic Studies Publications, Tehran
15. Hosseinzadeh Bavanloo, Ismail (1998), "Critique and Review of Books Moving to Khorasan", Shahrvand (publication), Year 8, No. 394, Canada
16. Rahmati, Ali (2015), Ethnic and Geographical Culture of Cities and Villages of North Khorasan, First Edition, Bojnourd, Bijan Yurd Publishing
17. Rezazadeh, Razieh (2006), Psychological and Sociological Approach to Place Identity in New Cities, Proceedings of the International Conference on New Cities, New Cities Development Company Publications, First Edition, Tehran
18. Rahnama, Mohammad Reza and Mohammad Hassan Razavi (2012), The effect of spatial belonging on social capital and participation in neighborhoods of Mashhad, Journal of Fine Arts-Architecture and Urban Planning, Volume 17, Number 2, Summer
19. Sarmast, Bahram and Mohammad Mehdi Motavasoli (2010), A Study and Analysis of the Role of the City Scale in the Sense of Belonging to a Place (Case Study: Tehran), Bi-Quarterly Journal of Urban Management, No. 26, Fall and Winter
20. Shasti, Shima and Mirzaei, Nawab (2008) Spatial / Social Identity Recognition and Development of Endogenous Factors for the Growth and Development of Human Identity (in the Field of Central Zagros Platforms) First International Conference on Traditional Zagros Settlements:
21. Shokouei, Hossein (2007), New Thoughts in the Philosophy of Geography, Volume One, Ninth Edition, Publications of the Institute of Geography and Cartography of Gita Studies
22. ----- (2003), New Thoughts in the Philosophy of Geography, Volume II, Environmental Philosophies and Geographical Schools, Gitashenasi Publications, First Edition
23. Taheri, Masoumeh, (2005), Integration is the best way to pass the geography of elections, Shargh newspaper
24. Tabibi, Heshmat A. (1992) "Fundamentals of Sociology and Anthropology of Tribes and Nomads (A Case Study of Kurdish Nomads)", First Edition, Tehran, Tehran University Press
25. Falahat, Sadegh (2006) The concept of good place and its shaping factors, Journal of Fine Arts
26. Kaviani Rad, Morad, (2013) The Geography of Elections Affecting Presidential Elections in Iran, Kharazmi University
27. Kaviani Rad, Morad, Qarabeigi, Mosayeb, (2017) Election Geography: Foundations, Concepts and Approaches, Research Institute for Strategic Studies, First Edition, Tehran
28. Kaviani Rad, Morad, Fattahi, Mostafa (2012) The Impact of Spatial Identity on National Convergence, Journal of Spatial Planning and Planning, No. 1 (73)
29. Kaviani Rad, Morad and Ali Azizi (2011) The Role of Spatial Identity in the Occurrence of Political Action Case Study: Revolution Square and Street in Tehran, Journal of Applied Research in Geographical Sciences, Volume 17, Number 20
30. Matlak, Jan (2009), Introduction to Environment and Landscape Design, translated by the Deputy of Education and Research of the Parks and Green Space Organization of Tehran
31. Mojtahedzadeh, Pirooz (2002), Political Geography and Geographical Politics, First Edition, Samat Publications
32. Mortazavi, Shahrnaz (2001), Environmental Psychology and its Application, Tehran, Shahid Beheshti University Press
33. Statistics Center of Iran (2012) Statistical Yearbook 1390 North Khorasan. Tehran: Statistics Center of Iran Publications.
34. Hooshmand Moghaddam Ziarat, Abbas Ali (2004), "A Brief History of Bachukhe Ship", Tehran, Sepas Publications
35. Yordshahian, Ismail (2001), "Ethnic genealogy and national life", Tehran, Farzan Rooz
Political Organizing of Space
Volume 5, Issue 4 - Serial Number 20
December 2023
Pages 411-435