Geo-economic Strategy: The Only Strategy of Convergence and Unity In The Persian Gulf Region

Document Type : Original Research

Author
Associate Professor of Political Geography, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
The Persian Gulf region is one of the strategic and important regions in the world which has always attracted the attention of regional and trans-regional powers. In the contemporary world, the Persian Gulf region and the countries of the Southwest Asia region have been among the most challenging and controversial regions in the world. This region has been the hotbed of geopolitical crises and the site of ideological conflicts and the active hotspot of political and regional crises. In addition to the domestic context, the presence and involvement of trans-regional and global powers in activating and intensifying these challenges and crises have played a very crucial role. Although the macro-structures of the global geopolitical system have overshadowed this space, the powers within the region (the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia) have played a leading role in shaping the geopolitical atmosphere of the current situation, which is based on ideological and geopolitical values. The current study seeks to examine the ideological and geopolitical implications of Iran and Saudi Arabia for the region and the need to adopt a geo-economic strategy to overcome intra-regional geopolitical challenges. The results show that the adoption of a geo-economic strategy by Iran and Saudi Arabia can pave the way for a dialogue of cooperation and convergence and pave the way for entering a new regional geopolitical system for regional development and regionalism.

Keywords

Subjects


1. ویسی، هادی (1396)، بررسی رقابت‌های ژئوپلیتیکی و ژئواکونومی پاکستان و ایران در ایجاد کریدور شمالی-جنوبی اوراسیا: مزیت‌های و تهدیدها، فصل‌نامه ژئوپلیتیک، دوره 13، شماره 1، صص 101-124.
2. ویسی، هادی (1398)، واکاوی چالش‌های ژئوپلیتیکی عربستان سعودی با جمهوری اسلامی ایران و تأثیر آن بر منطقه جنوب غرب آسیا، جغرافیا و توسعه، دوره 17، شماره 55، صص 175-192.
3. نقیب‌زاده، احمد (1385)، تاریخ دیپلماسی و روابط بین الملل از پیمان وستفالیا تا امروز، چاپ چهارم، تهران: نشر قومس.
4. Agnew, J. (2003), Geopolitics: Re-Visioning World Politics, Routledge.
5. Anokhin, S. & S. Lachininskii (2015), Evolution of the Ideas and Contents of Geo-economics Studies, Regional Research of Russia, 5 (1): 90–95.
6. BP (British Petroleum) (2014), Statistical Review of World Energy June 2014, P6-20.
7. Bush, G. (1991), Toward a New World Order, in: The Geopolitics Reader, edited by: Simon Dalby and et al (1998), Routlage, pp. 131-135.
8. Cohen, S. B. (2003), Geopolitics of the World System, Rowman & Littlefield, P 25.
9. Cordesman, A.H (2015), Military Spending and Arms Sales in the Gulf, Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), P 10.
10. Csurgai, G. (2018), The Increasing Importance of Geo-economics in Power Rivalries in the Twenty-First Century, Geopolitics, 23(1), PP 38-46.
11. Fukuyama, F. (1993), The End of History and the Last Man, HarperCollins.
12. Kim J.D. (2019), The Perils of Geo-economics, The Washington Quarterly, 42 (1), P 153.
13. Kostiner, J. (2009), Conflict and Cooperation in the Gulf Region, Springer Science & Business Media, P 142.
14. Lewis Gaddis, J. (2006), The Cold War: A New History, The penguin group, New York, P 5.
15. OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries), (2014), The OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin, Vienna, P 27, 28.
16. Soilen, K. S. (2012), Geo-economics, Book boon, University Press, P 56, 58.
17. Scholvin, S. & Wigell, M. (2018), Power politics by economic means: Geo-economics as an analytical approach and foreign policy practice, Comparative Strategy, 37(1), PP 73-84.
18. Schwartz, S. (2011), Atomic Audit: The Costs and Consequences of U.S. Nuclear Weapons since 1940, Brookings Institution Press, P3.
19. Sparke, M. (2013), Introducing Globalization: Ties, Tensions, and Uneven Integration, John Wiley & Sons, P 292.
20. O Tuathail, G. (1998), Introduction, Chapter 2: Cold War Geopolitics, in: The Geopolitics Reader, edited by: Simon Dalby and et al (1998), Routlage, pp. 47-57.
21. Warner, G. (2013), The Geopolitics and the Cold War, in: The Oxford Handbook of the Cold War, Ed: Richard H. Immerman, Petra Goedde, OUP Oxford, P 67.
22. World Bank (2017), Data Bank: Land Area, in: https://data.worldbank.org.