Modern governments, unlike traditional governments, have the exclusive instrument of violence through the bureaucracy and the rule of law. From a historical point of view, powerful political leadership performance in Iran has been one of the important factors in building modern government during first Pahlavi period. Numerous views have been put forward about the reasons for powerful and military leadership formation in the first Pahlavi era. Some of its contexts are related to the first Pahlavi individual behaviors and others refer to the socio-economic structures of the previous period. However, from political geography perspective; governance characteristics and modern state formation has emerged in a specific time-space context that has been less studied in Iran. In this article, relying on descriptive-analytical method has been attempted to study how to promote the powerful leadership position in the first Pahlavi era (1921 - 1940) in building a modern government in Iran as a result of natural and human components function. Findings show that natural and climatic conditions acted in such a way that it was not possible to form independent social classes at the time of first Pahlavi emergence and production forces; They were concentrated in the ownership of political power. Ethnic and linguistic diversity also enabled powerful political-military leaders to create a common identity between different ethnic groups.