بنیادهای بی‌عدالتی فضایی در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقالات علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان
گروه جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
چکیده
مقدمه: مهم‌ترین هدف سازمان‌دهی فضا در هر کشوری، در ابتدا ارایه بهینه خدمات به حداکثر شهروندان و سپس اداره و کنترل افراد ساکن در یک کشور است. فضای جغرافیایی ایران به‌رغم تلاش‌های زیاد از عدالت فضایی دور بوده و ساختار مرکز- پیرامون الگوی غالب روابط فضایی آن می‌باشد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی بنیادهای بی‌عدالتی فضایی در ایران انجام شد. مقاله حاضر با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی و تکیه بر منابع کتابخانه‌ای سعی در شناسایی و دسته‌بندی عناصر موثر بر بی‌عدالتی فضایی در ایران را داشت.

نتیجه‌گیری: بی‌عدالتی فضایی در ایران از دو زمینه اصلی شامل شرایط طبیعی، فرهنگی، اجتماعی، اقتصادی هر مکان جغرافیایی (خصوصیات ذاتی مناطق) و اقتصاد سیاسی فضا، تصمیمات سیاست‌گزاران و برنامه‌ریزان اقتصادی منشا می‌گیرد. مناطق پیرامونی با ۱۶ استان و مناطق مرکزی با ۱۴ استان (به احتساب استان البرز) ساختار فضایی سیاسی ایران را شکل می‌دهند. حدود ۵۰% مساحت و ۷/۵۰% جمعیت کشور به مناطق پیرامونی تعلق دارد، این امر بیانگر آن است که ۵۰% حجم توسعه کشور باید در مناطق مرزی متمرکز شود تا تعادل‌های منطقه‌ای در ساختار فضایی ایران برقرار گردد، این در حالی است که تمرکز امکانات و خدمات در مرکز، موجب دورافتادگی برخی از استان‌ها و محرومیت آنها از این مواهب شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


1- Mossalanejad A (2005). State and the economical development. Tehran: Ghoomes. [Persian]
2- Johnson EAJ (1970). The organization of space in developing countries. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
3- Soja EW (2009). The city and spatial justice. Conference Spatial Justice, Nanterre, Paris, March 12-14, 2008. Paris: Justice Spatial/Spatial Justice.
4- Dikeç M (2007). Justice and the spatial imagination. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space. 33(10):1785-1805.
5- Prange J (2009). Spatial Justice: A new frontier in planning for just, sustainable communities [Dissertation]. Medford: Tufts University.
6- Dadashpour H, Rostami F (2011). Analysis of the distribution of urban public services from the perspective of spatial justice; case Study: Yasouj. Journal of Geography and Regional Development Reseach. 16:171-198. [Persian]
7- Yasouri M (2015). Environmental justice a way to achieve national sustainable development. Tehran: Center of Islamic Iranian model of progress, publishing development pattern.
8- Beladpas A, Bibaak Gh, Zaki Gh (2006). Analysis of the natural environment of Iran in its political geography. Journal of the Studies of Human Settlements Planning. 1(2):29-44. [Persian]
9- Hafeznia MR (2013). Political geography of Iran. Tehran: Samt. [Persian]
10- Kamran H, Zaki Gh (2005). The effects of topographic structure on Iran's political geography. Geography. 6 & 7:1-13. [Persian]
11- Ghalibaf MB (2007). Local government or spatial distribution strategy of political power in Iran. 1st Editon. Tehran: Amir Kabir. [Persian]
12- Mirheydar D (2001). The foundations of political geography. Tehran: Samt. [Persian]
13- Hafeznia MR, AlahVerdizadeh R (2009). A study of relationship between the unitary state system and national unity: Case study of Iran. Research Letter of Political Sciense. 5(1):41-68. [Persian]
14- Hafeznia MR, Ahmadipour Z, Ghaderihajat M (2010). Politic and space. Mashhad: Papoli. [Persian]
15- Kaviyanirad M, Nosrati H (2014). Explaining the functions of the district inquiry into the integrated state. Geopolitics. 10(3):149-175. [Persian]
16- Ziari K. Principles and methods of regional planning. Yazd: Yazd University Press. [Persian]
17- Hajyousefi A (2001). Regional planning in Iran from the beginning to 1970 decade. Urban Management. 2(6):6-18. [Persian]
18- Planning Organization of Iran (1964). Report on the performance of the second seven-year program. Tehran: Planning Organization of Iran. [Persian]
19- Planning Organization of Iran (1967). The Law of the Third Development Plan of the Country. Tehran: Planning Organization of Iran. [Persian]
20- Planning Organization of Iran (1967). The Law of the Fourth Development Plan of the Country. Tehran: Planning Organization of Iran. [Persian]
21- Planning Organization of Iran (1972). Report on the progress of development operations of the fourth program. Tehran: Planning Organization of Iran. [Persian]
22- Planning Organization of Iran (1967). The fourth development plan of the country. Tehran: Planning Organization of Iran. [Persian]
23- Planning Organization of Iran (1972). Country Fifth Development Plan (Revised). Tehran: Planning Organization of Iran. [Persian]
24- Planning Organization of Iran (1972). The fifth development plan of the country. Tehran: Planning Organization of Iran. [Persian]
25- Planning and Budget Organization of Iran (1989). The law of the first program of economic, social and cultural development of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Tehran: Planning and Budget Organization of Iran. [Persian]
26- Planning and Budget Organization of Iran (1995). The law of the second five-years program of economic, social and cultural development of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Tehran: Planning and Budget Organization of Iran. [Persian]
27- Planning and Budget Organization of Iran (1999). Document of the third program of economic, social and cultural development of the Islamic Republic of Iran (2000-2004). Tehran: Planning and Budget Organization of Iran. [Persian]
28- Management and Planning Organization (2004). The law of the fourth program of economic, social and cultural development of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Tehran: Management and Planning Organization. [Persian]
29- Pacione M (2005). Urban geography: A global perspective. 2nd Edition. London: Taylor & Francis.
30- Skop E (2006). Introduction-urban space: The shape of inequality. Urban Geography. 27(5):393-396.
31- Mokhtari Hashi H (2006). Analysis of the role of government decisions in the development of the territory [Dissertation]. Tehran: Tarbiat Modares University. [Persian]
32- Ebrahimzadeh I, Mousavi MN, Kazemizad Sh (2012). Spatial analysis of regional inequalities between border and central areas of Iran. Geopolitics. 8(1):214-235. [Persian]
33- Hafeznia MR, Ghaderihajat M, Ahmadipour Z, Rokneddin Eftekhari AR, Gohari M (2015). Designing a spatial justice measurement model, case study: Iran. J Spat Plan. 19(1):33-52. [Persian]

Links
1- http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/753318
2- https://books.google.com/books?id=rOCba1F8lhMC&dq=the%20organization%20of%20space%20in%20developing%20country&source=gbs_book_other_versions
3-
https://www.jssj.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/JSSJ1-1en4.pdf
4- http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1068/a3467
5-
https://search.proquest.com/openview/ffc4b5d989fb2f44c2afdc12567349b7/1.pdf?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
6- https://jgrd.um.ac.ir/index.php/geography/article/view/11034
7- http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/3754962
8- https://goo.gl/HPchJs
9- http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/3491883
10- http://www.ensani.ir/fa/content/192243/default.aspx
11- http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/1155843
12- http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/641931
13- http://www.ipsajournal.ir/?_action=articleInfo&article=107
14- http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/2063112
15- https://goo.gl/rKRjJN
16- http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/619921
17- Link Not Found
18- https://mpb.mporg.ir/Portal/View/Page.aspx?PageId=be833eca-dad0-47df-b4cf-d6812a26c32d
19- https://mpb.mporg.ir/Portal/View/Page.aspx?PageId=be833eca-dad0-47df-b4cf-d6812a26c32d
20- http://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/96182
21- https://mpb.mporg.ir/Portal/View/Page.aspx?PageId=be833eca-dad0-47df-b4cf-d6812a26c32d
22- https://mpb.mporg.ir/Portal/View/Page.aspx?PageId=be833eca-dad0-47df-b4cf-d6812a26c32d
23- http://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/97267
24- https://mpb.mporg.ir/Portal/View/Page.aspx?PageId=be833eca-dad0-47df-b4cf-d6812a26c32d
25- http://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/91755
26- http://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/92488
27- http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/1644503
28- http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/4891951
29- https://books.google.com/books?id=oCMFY_ZaqTcC&source=gbs_book_other_versions
30- https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2747/0272-3638.27.5.393
31- Link Not Found
32- https://goo.gl/7PTDY6
33- http://hsmsp-old.modares.ac.ir/article_12406.html