Showing 4 results for Future Studies
Eghbal Pahkideh, Fereydoun Babayi Aghdam, Rahim Heydari Chianeh,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (9-2023)
Abstract
Introduction
Tourism in the 21st century has become a main tool to have a high quality of life. Therefore, countries require to develop a tourism development strategy so that they can achieve its interests. In each country, the basic factors affecting the development of tourism can be divided into two parts: "contextual factors" and "tourism policy"; contextual factors are necessary condition but not sufficient. In Iran, the steps of tourism development have not been taken in the same way, which it is partly related to contextual factors and also partly related to the formulation of uniform policies and the preparation of a single version at the country level, and at the same time, there are different implementation and monitoring in the advancement of programs and policies, which has played a major role in the lack of tourism development, especially in the border regions. Hawraman's site is a clear example. This site was registered as the 26th tangible cultural heritage of Iran by UNESCO. This site has about 409 thousand hectares of field and privacy, of which 106 thousand hectares belong to the feild and 303 thousand hectares are part of the privacy, which has a population of over 400 thousand people. This site in Kurdistan province includes the cities of Sanandaj, Kamiyaran and Sarovabad and in Kermanshah province, it includes the cities of Ravansar, Paveh, Javanroud and Salas Babajani. It has a total of 10 cities and about 700 villages and subordinate places, most of which are in Kermanshah province.
Methodology
This research is practical in terms of its purpose and in terms of its nature, it is also based on the method of perspective research and structural analysis. The statistical population of the research is (20 people) from people who were professionally involved in tourism activities.
Results and discussion
The results of 36 effective and strategic indicators in the Mic Mac software show that tourism laws and regulations, macro-government policies, skilled and trained manpower, respectively, have the greatest influence and effective and also the pattern of local residents on the behavior of tourists, reducing irreversible resources, and loyalty to local customs have had the least impact on tourism development policies in Hawraman site.
Educational programs, skilled and trained manpower, awareness of the local community and tourists, cultural participation of citizens, social/psychological security, tourism events, cultural/historical works, preservation of native architecture, recreation with a tourism approach, attractiveness and desire to visit again, tourism rules and regulations, macro government policies, private sector participation and investment, tourism sector budget, de-escalation are 15 effective factors, especially within the countries of the region, on the preparations of the scenario basket and also the final factors that are effective drivers and propulsion for the tourism development policy of Hawraman site.
Conclusions
The unique differences and similarities in Hawraman site have caused the formation of diverse subcultures. Diversity of ethnicities, diversity in dress, accent, customs, etc., and at the same time cultural cohesion has created a special attraction for tourists. Preservation of this category of cultural values has special importance for the beneficiaries. Also, maintaining and remaining in the UNESCO list is highly dependent on the preservation of cultural/historical works and local architectural values and sensitivity in recreating these textures. Hence, policies and rules and regulations should be ruled that can protect world, national, local and local heritage such as preserving the environment, natural resources, human heritage, preserving cultural values, etc. Most of these policies and rules and regulations can be found in the history of this civilization of several thousand years.
Volume 17, Issue 4 (1-2014)
Abstract
After the industrial economy span that caused many changes in the human life and the human systems, now we are facing a new era in the electronic revolution. One of the symbols of this electronic revolution is Mobile Commerce. Nowadays, this new style of trading has been used in many parts of the globe especially, in the developing countries. Now the fundamental question is how to design and explain the business development model. To solve this issue, the present exploratory study has been conducted, with the scoring and weighting the extracted factors and making items for them, by the Delphi panel of experts (during four rounds), the researcher found three dimensions (technological, social and personality) and twelve new variables. These variables formed the conceptual model of Mobile Commerce. The conceptual model has been examined in the Iranian Virtual Society with designed questionnaire and using AMOS software. The collected data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. For this purpose, initially the structural relationships have been tested by using Confirmatory Factor Analysis, then with a Path Analysis approach the hypotheses have been examined. At the end this research, with the future studies approach and adding the time dimension to the three dimensions, makes the model more dynamic.
Volume 20, Issue 4 (1-2017)
Abstract
The role And place of rural development in Economic, social and political processes in local, regional, national , international and the consequences of undeveloped in rural areas such as widespread poverty, rising inequalities, rapid population growth, unemployment, immigration and urban margins the cause is attention to rural development and even its priority to urban development. In this regard, the present study is to Future approach, to offer influential propellants in the development of rural areas of Iran. The research method is based on the Delphi technique. At first, by using Porter's five forces analysis for micro environment and analysis STEEP (social, technological, economic, environmental and political) for the macro environment, Events and effective propellants in the rural development were selected by experts of Delphi Group. Then, for determining the main drivers of the importance, the impact and the lack of certainty of cross-impact analysis propellants and hierarchical analysis model is used. According to the Finding results, the most important key factors regarding to degree of importance importance; respectively are partnership, investment and entrepreneurship, training skilled manpower, natural resources, income generation, the rural guide plan, ownership of resources, technology, services and tourism. According to the opinion of experts the first five factors are very important in rural development. That certainty and uncertainty of propellants is discussed to planning appropriate actions for controlling and directing them towards Iran rural development.
Volume 23, Issue 1 (5-2019)
Abstract
Extended Abstract:
Introduction
The spatial structure of the urban settlement system in a geographical domain requires a good foundation to achieve maximum productivity. By this way, the aim of the current research is to study the urban settlement planning of West Azerbaijan which is highly uncertain due to its geographical location, ethnic diversity and environmental issues. Economic freedom in the Maku Free Zone, the expansion of markets at 7 border areas of the province, the development of the Miandoab-Tehran communication network, the creation of a railway roundabout, the economic development of the Baneh region, policies to deal with ever decreasing agricultural activities due to the water and environmental crisis, making decisions on creating special economic areas in Mahabad, Urmia, Salmas and Miandoab ...are regional and local trends that have caused uncertainty in the settlement pattern of the province and the human space flow, goods and services. In a nutshell, the study aims to identify settlement scenarios of the province and the framework for the deployment of services, infrastructures and flow of capital, goods and humans in the region for spatial planning.
Methodology
This is a type of applied research and, in essence, based on new scientific, analytical and investigative methods. The statistical population of the study is 30 professors, experts and specialists in the field of spatial planning. The data gathering method was used to examine the effective factors on the urban settlements system of the province, both in documentary (secondary data) and survey (primary data), for which questionnaire and interviews were used as a survey method. To analyze the data, a combination of Delphi methods, Cross-impact analysis, and Mick-Mac software were used.
Results and Discussion
45 variables were found to be the main and strategic ones affecting the planning of the urban settlement system of West Azerbaijan province that were analyzed via Mick-Mc software.Finally, 11 effective factors were identified with 33 statuses. Accordingly, the midway and the pessimistic assumptions in the best possible range were defined to be the worse. Given theoretical foundations of the proposed study, the spatial scenarios of the province in terms its geographic extent and severity, multiplicity of cities, location and regional potentials can be summarized as follows:
First Scenario (Polar Scenario): By choosing this scenario, the future settlement system of the province will have following outcomes:
- Deletion permissions to settlement perimeter will be too low due to high concentration and security reasons and high ethnic diversity in the province as well as its inappropriate form and shape.
- The polar scenario is an illustration of highly-concentrated settlement system in which responsibility for decisions, policies, management and their implementation will be simultaneously focused on the city of Urumia.
- Urumia is practically the center of commodity exchanges at the provincial level and will be a key link for each settlement in the city.
Second Scenario (Cluster Scenario): The obvious features of this scenario are as follows:
- Although the centralization dominates the province, by coordinating and collaborating widely between settlements, reduces the focus on the province's space relative to the radical scenario. One of the main reasons for this decrease is the existence of large urban centers such as Khoy in the north, Urumia in the center, Miandoab in the south;
- In this scenario, a number of larger settlements compete with the center of Urumia, and play a central role for its surroundings.
- The headquarters of each cluster manages its communication.
Third Scenario (Archipelago Scenario): In general, the typical features of this scenario in West Azerbaijan province are as follows:
- The lack of extensive cooperation between settlements, spatial dispersion of housing, as well as the developmental equality of settlements causing communications flows mainly carried out within limited areas (cities and regions).
- The scenario of the archipelago is an image of the West Azerbaijan province as an island facing local markets and urban areas
Fourth Scenario (Multi-center): The typical features of this scenario are as follows:
- In a multi-centered scenario, focusing on the province's space is due to the development of some settlements and the wide-ranging collaboration between them. However, due to inappropriate form and body and some restrictions in different areas, there is a relative dependence on clusters.
- In this scenario, the urban complexes of the province have changed from one central space to a multicentre urban complex. Due to high convergence between central settlements and their interaction with each other, macro policies are taken collaboratively by central settlements of main areas.
Fifth Scenario (Network): The typical features of this scenario are as follows:
- This scenario presents a picture of a networked city complex (both in urban and rural settlement).
- Each settlement itself manages its connections with other settlements.
- In this scenario, no settlement is dependent on other settlements.
Conclusion
Considering the current status of central and star structure of the urban system of West Azerbaijan province, the multi-centered urban network is suitable especially due to potentially powerful cities of Khoy, Mako, Miandoab and Mahabad, the northern- southern stretch of the province, geopolitical location after realizing the multi-centered model and providing an appropriate infrastructure and substrate. The transition from the multicenter model to the network will be provided. To reach the multi-centered urban network, which is the scenario of choice for the provincial urban system, the cluster and hierarchical stage of the city's network must be reached in early phases of the province's development. Once an appropriate infrastructure and substrate is provided, the multi-center urban scenario will be realized.